محدودیت در خروجی گوگل؛ آزمایشی برای محدودیتهای بیشتر اینترنت در ایران
نویسنده: شادی خوشکار
سه شنبه, ۲۱ تیر ۱۴۰۱ ساعت ۱۶:۰۰
درحالیکه طرح صیانت از حقوق کاربران روال کامل خود را در مجلس نگذرانده و تبدیل به قانون نشده، کاربران اینترنت در ایران هر روز با محدودیتهای تازه و پیچیدهتر روبهرو میشوند.
امروز در شبکههای اجتماعی، کاربران از هدایت جستوجوهای خود با IP ایران برای سایت گوگل به فضایی سانسورشده یعنی حالت جستوجوی امن (SafeSearch) خبر دادهاند. اتفاقی که ازطریق ربودن دامنه (DNS Hijacking) رخ میدهد. کارشناسان میگویند DNS Hijacking در ایران بیسابقه نیست اما به نظر میآید از روز گذشته این محدودیت در بعضی از شرکتهای سرویسدهندهی اینترنت (ISP) بهخصوص ایرانسل و آسیاتک و زیرمجموعههایش در خود دامنهی گوگل اعمال شده و کاربرانی که در پی جستوجو به سایت گوگل مراجعه میکنند به دامنههای محدودشده میرسند.
تغییرات ایجادشده روی DNSهای گوگل باعث شده است که سرویس ریکپچا (reCAPTCHA) گوگل هم در بسیاری از وبسایتها و سرویسهایی که در داخل کشور میزبانی شدهاند، از کار بیفتد. ریکپچا ابزار آنلاینی است که مانع فعالیت باتها در وبسایتها میشود و بهعنوان مثال مانع ثبتنام گروهی باتها در وبسایتها میشود. ریکپچا گوگل بهصورت گسترده در سرویسهای داخل کشور استفاده میشود. نتیجهی بررسیهای خبرنگار زومیت این است که به نظر میرسد این تغییرات یکی از آزمایشهای دولت برای سنجش واکنش کاربران درمقابل بستن سایت گوگل و جایگزینی موتور جستوجوی مورد تأیید دولت است و نشان از جدیت تیم جدید برای محدودیت اینترنت دارد.
البته دستکاری DNS در ایران از مدتها پیش سابقه دارد. در موارد پیشین همیشه فیلترشکنها و راههایی برای دور زدن محدودیتها به کمک کاربران میآمدند تا به اطلاعات موردنظرشان دسترسی پیدا کنند. دسترسی به بخشی از اطلاعات در ایران با زحمت امکانپذیر است و جواد دادگر، کارشناس فناوری اطلاعات و امنیت سایبری، به زومیت میگوید هر محدودیت تازه چه از نوع بستن و قطع دسترسی چه از نوع دستکاری خروجیها استفاده از فیلترشکنها را بین کاربران گسترش میدهد: «افزایش استفاده از VPN در کشور ما به علت اینکه نمیشود مستقیم آنها را از سرویسدهندهی معتبر تهیه کرد مساوی با افزایش بدافزارها است و ارتباط مستقیمی بین این دو وجود دارد. افزایش استفاده از VPN با دسترسیهای غیرمجاز امکان سرقت یا پاک کردن اطلاعات را در پی دارد و در عین حال حریم خصوصی کاربر را هم تهدید میکند.»
جدیت از سوی حاکمیت برای محدود کردن اینترنت در سیاستها و زیرساختهایی که در حال تهیه است، گمانهها را به سمتی میبرد که در نهایت عموم مردم نتوانند به بخشی از اطلاعات دسترسی داشته باشند. این اتفاق از نظر تکنیکی امکانپذیر است و دادگر در توضیح میگوید: «در آن صورت علاوهبر کسانی که برایشان دسترسی بهطور خاص مهیا میشود، کسانی که بتوانند فیلترینگ را دور بزنند دو دسته خواهند بود: افرادی که خودشان سروری در جای خاصی دارند یا دستهای از کارشناسها و متخصصان که میتوانند این محدودیتها را هم دور بزنند.»
با چنین روندی اینترنت در ایران تبدیل به امکانی برای خواص و گروه کوچکی از مردم میشود و در نهایت اگر محدود کردن اینترنت در ایران بهطور کامل اتفاق بیفتد، به گفتهی دادگر دسترسی به اطلاعات روند متفاوتی خواهد داشت: «طبق صحبتهایی که میشود، دستهبندیهایی صورت میگیرد که افراد براساس نیاز و کارشان بتوانند دسترسی داشته باشند. این موضوع بحث حریم خصوصی را پیش میآورد؛ چون افراد در آن صورت مجبورند نیازهایشان را لیست کنند تا به آنها دسترسی داده شود. درحالیکه ساختار اینترنت طوری است که هر کسی بتواند هر استفادهای که میخواهد از آن انجام دهد. اگر قرار باشد هر نیازی لیست شود و نسبت به آن به فرد دسترسی بدهند، حریم خصوصی نقض میشود.»
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